{"id":13259,"date":"2020-05-28T13:58:45","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T09:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mediazona.az\/?p=13259"},"modified":"2020-05-28T14:05:23","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T10:05:23","slug":"milli-dovl%c9%99tcilik-tariximizin-qurur-m%c9%99nb%c9%99yi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/?p=13259","title":{"rendered":"Milli d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tariximizin q\u00fcrur m\u0259nb\u0259yi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Milli d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tariximizin q\u00fcrur m\u0259nb\u0259yi: Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti\u00a0XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n qabaqc\u0131l d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n universal h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar ideyas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 yenic\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vaxtda Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z istiqlaliyy\u0259ti, h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar\u0131 u\u011frunda \u015f\u0259r\u0259fli m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131 milli d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tariximizin \u0259n parlaq s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Bu m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin ba\u015fl\u0131ca h\u0259d\u0259fi Rusiya imperiyas\u0131ndan qopmaq, Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n tarixi d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k v\u0259 yeni formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lacaq d\u00f6vl\u0259t modelind\u0259 irqind\u0259n, dinind\u0259n, milliyy\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n azad v\u0259 xo\u015fb\u0259xt ya\u015famas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn demokratik, h\u00fcquqi prinsipl\u0259rin h\u00f6km s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc bir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 idi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u0259l\u0259 XIX \u0259srin ortalar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan maarif\u00e7ilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131, daha sonra milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259linin qoyulmas\u0131, t\u0259nqidi ruhlu realist-demokratik ictimai-\u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fchitin meydana g\u0259lm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycanda siyasi elitan\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131nda, xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n milli \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rk ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259, \u00e7ar m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7ilik rejimin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ard\u0131c\u0131l m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin t\u0259\u015fkilind\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi, C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259, Mirz\u0259 \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Sabir, N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov, \u018fbd\u00fcrr\u0259him b\u0259y Haqverdiyev v\u0259 dig\u0259r g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin davaml\u0131 s\u0259yl\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda milli teatr\u0131n, milli m\u0259kt\u0259bin v\u0259 milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259ti bu prosesl\u0259r\u0259 haz\u0131rlayan vacib hadis\u0259l\u0259r idi. Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u015flayan yarad\u0131c\u0131 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n intellektual h\u0259rakat\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin h\u0259yat\u0131nda v\u0259 \u015f\u00fcurunda k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Getdikc\u0259 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259d\u0259ni maarifl\u0259nm\u0259 is\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilatlanmaya, xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmas\u0131na t\u0259kan vermi\u015fdi. Milli azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n ilk apar\u0131c\u0131 siyasi t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 olan \u201cM\u00fcsavat\u201d v\u0259 \u201cDifai\u201d kimi qurumlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 da m\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 ged\u0259n yolda m\u00fch\u00fcm tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259r idi.<br \/>\nB\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda siyasi-m\u0259d\u0259ni dekadans\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n demokratik-h\u00fcquqi d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulmas\u0131 h\u0259min d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn unikal siyasi hadis\u0259 idi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cxalqlar h\u0259bsxanas\u0131nda\u201d milli-ideoloji c\u0259r\u0259yanlar\u0131n g\u00fccl\u0259ndiyi XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 milli d\u00f6vl\u0259t yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 ideyas\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas h\u0259d\u0259fi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f milli ideologiyan\u0131 milli ideyalar t\u0259m\u0259lind\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259n v\u0259 itirilmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini b\u0259rpa etm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u018fmin R\u0259sulzad\u0259, N\u0259sib b\u0259y Yusifb\u0259yli, F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyski, \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov, \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fao\u011flu kimi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00f6nc\u00fcll\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n insanlar aras\u0131nda k\u00fctl\u0259vil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l siyasi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t apar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fli b\u0259y H\u00fcseynzad\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259 t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131na m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc \u201ct\u00fcrkl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k, islamla\u015fmaq v\u0259 avropala\u015fmaq\u201d fikri Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin qurulmas\u0131na aparan yolda xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n milli, dini k\u00f6kl\u0259r\u0259, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259ri ideyalara sadiqliyinin \u0259yani t\u0259zah\u00fcr\u00fc idi.<\/p>\n<p>1918-ci ilin 28 may\u0131nda olduqca m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b siyasi-h\u0259rbi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 istiqlaliyy\u0259ti elan edil\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u015e\u0259rqind\u0259 v\u0259 t\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yaranan ilk demokratik, d\u00fcny\u0259vi Respublika oldu. Yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259n demokratik, h\u00fcquqi d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu, universal insan h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 sistemli t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00e7ar m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259tind\u0259n qurtulmu\u015f dig\u0259r xalqlar\u0131n da yeni d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin formala\u015fmas\u0131na v\u0259 modernl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildir ki, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n m\u00fclki v\u0259 siyasi h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn xalqlar\u0131n v\u0259 h\u0259r bir v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n milli, dini, irqi v\u0259 cinsi m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq, b\u0259rab\u0259rh\u00fcquqlu inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcnbit \u015f\u0259raitin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin \u0130stiqlal B\u0259yannam\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 birba\u015fa \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 18 ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flara, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n qad\u0131nlara s\u0259sverm\u0259 h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259si is\u0259 h\u0259min d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 bel\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259tirilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan el\u0259 bir demokratik d\u0259y\u0259r idi ki, bu fakt azadl\u0131q v\u0259 demokratiya be\u015fiyi say\u0131lan Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 heyranl\u0131q v\u0259 qibt\u0259 do\u011furmaqdad\u0131r.<br \/>\nArt\u0131q 1918-ci il dekabr\u0131nda Bak\u0131da yeni h\u00f6kum\u0259tin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan d\u0259rhal sonra m\u00fctt\u0259fiq d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin Bak\u0131dak\u0131 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si general Tomson Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259tini tan\u0131mas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi b\u0259yanat verdi. H\u0259min b\u0259yanatda b\u00fct\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tin qanuniliyi t\u0259sdiql\u0259nir v\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiq h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r komandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259yi bildirilirdi. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259madi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n sonra general Tomson Paris S\u00fclh Konfrans\u0131nda Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin i\u015ftirak\u0131na d\u0259st\u0259yini d\u0259 ifad\u0259 etdi.<br \/>\nH\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n qalib \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f Antanta ittifaq\u0131na daxil olan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin birlikd\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259r birinin ayr\u0131ca olaraq Qafqazda v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u00fch\u00fcm siyasi-iqtisadi, h\u0259rbi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri v\u0259 maraqlar\u0131 var idi. Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda is\u0259 g\u0259rgin siyasi-h\u0259rbi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259, m\u0259hdud resurslarla milli maraqlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259 olunmas\u0131 kimi olduqca \u00e7\u0259tin bir v\u0259zif\u0259 dayan\u0131rd\u0131. \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fovun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda Paris S\u00fclh Konfrans\u0131nda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259tinin Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin d\u00fcnya birliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ard\u0131c\u0131l s\u0259yl\u0259ri q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6z b\u0259hr\u0259sini verdi. 1919-cu ilin may\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n istiqlaliyy\u0259ti m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si AB\u015e Prezidenti Vudro Vilsonun t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 AB\u015e, B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya, Fransa v\u0259 \u0130taliyan\u0131n h\u00f6kum\u0259t r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin t\u0259msil olundu\u011fu D\u00f6rdl\u0259r \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n iclas\u0131nda geni\u015f m\u00fczakir\u0259 edildi. 1920-ci ilin yanvar\u0131nda is\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyan\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Paris S\u00fclh Konfrans\u0131 Ali \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n sessiyas\u0131nda Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, C\u0259nubi Qafqaz respublikalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si qald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. H\u0259min ilin 11 yanvar tarixind\u0259 Paris S\u00fclh Konfrans\u0131n\u0131n Ali \u015euras\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f q\u0259rarda m\u00fctt\u0259fiq d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n de-fakto tan\u0131nmas\u0131 b\u0259yan edildi.<\/p>\n<p>Bel\u0259likl\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn regionun siyasi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin yaranmas\u0131ndan sonra h\u0259m \u00f6lk\u0259daxili, h\u0259m d\u0259 regional v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq miqyasda d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyin \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcququn m\u00fcst\u0259qil subyekti statusunun \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin d\u00f6vl\u0259t r\u0259mzl\u0259rinin t\u0259sis edilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si, Az\u0259rbaycan dilinin d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili elan olunmas\u0131, hakimiyy\u0259tin qanunverici, icraedici v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si prinsipi \u0259sas\u0131nda d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259etm\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131n qoyulmas\u0131, milli valyutan\u0131n t\u0259dav\u00fcl\u0259 burax\u0131lmas\u0131, kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r pe\u015f\u0259kar kadrlardan ibar\u0259t olan 40 min n\u0259f\u0259rlik milli ordunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259dbirl\u0259r idi. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin Parlamenti yenic\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyin\u0259 qovu\u015fmu\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tin qanunvericilik \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaq istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131mlar ataraq milli parlamentarizmin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u0259 yol a\u00e7d\u0131. \u0130l yar\u0131ml\u0131q f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 parlament t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul olunan qanunlar Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi t\u0259r\u0259qqiy\u0259, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, maarif v\u0259 t\u0259hsil sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ciddi ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131qdan sonra Qafqaz birliyi ideyas\u0131na, regionda konstruktiv \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00fchitinin formala\u015fmas\u0131na h\u0259r zaman b\u00f6y\u00fck z\u0259rb\u0259 vuran erm\u0259nil\u0259r XX \u0259srin bel\u0259 h\u0259ssas d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z m\u0259krli planlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. 114 min kvadrat kilometrlik \u0259raziy\u0259 sahib olan Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z suverenliyini t\u0259min etm\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u015fl\u0131ca mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n erm\u0259ni-da\u015fnak birlikl\u0259rinin da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 islahatlar prosesini, quruculuq tempini l\u0259ngidirdi. Yenic\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasi s\u0259yl\u0259rini, maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259rbi resurslar\u0131n\u0131 da\u015fnak-bol\u015fevik birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259ltm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olurdu. Yaln\u0131z 3 aydan sonra \u2013 1918-ci ilin sentyabr\u0131nda Nuru Pa\u015fan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 Qafqaz \u0130slam Ordusu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Bak\u0131n\u0131n erm\u0259ni-da\u015fnak birlikl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259ti \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 sabitliyin b\u0259rq\u0259rar edilm\u0259sin\u0259 nail oldu v\u0259 siyasi-diplomatik f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259, iqtisadi-sosial sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ciddi u\u011furlar \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Az\u0259rbaycanda Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin yaranmas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 ictimai-siyasi h\u0259yatda oldu\u011fu kimi, m\u0259d\u0259ni, \u0259d\u0259bi, t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 ciddi canlanmaya s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. 1918-ci ilin avqustunda \u201cXalq maarifinin, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d q\u0259rarla t\u0259dris m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hsilin ana dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. 1919-cu ilin sentyabr\u0131nda Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti Parlamenti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 universitet a\u00e7maq haqq\u0131nda qanun q\u0259bul edildi. Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin Nizamnam\u0259sinin q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si v\u0259 onun f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131 milli v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259kar kadrlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131m idi.<\/p>\n<p>Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Hadi, H\u00fcseyn Cavid, C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259, \u00dczeyir b\u0259y Hac\u0131b\u0259yli, \u018fbd\u00fcrr\u0259him b\u0259y Haqverdiyev, Abdulla \u015eaiq, C\u0259f\u0259r Cabbarl\u0131, \u018fhm\u0259d Cavad, Almaz Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, \u018fzim \u018fzimzad\u0259 kimi g\u00f6rk\u0259mli yarad\u0131c\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin timsal\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t \u00f6z intibah d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fad\u0131. Eyni zamanda, ana dilind\u0259 q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallar\u0131n n\u0259\u015fri xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni inki\u015faf\u0131nda v\u0259 maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edil\u0259n \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan\u201d, \u201c\u0130stiqlal\u201d, \u201cA\u00e7\u0131q s\u00f6z\u201d kimi q\u0259zet v\u0259 d\u0259rgil\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisin\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm informasiyalar\u0131n \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u0259sas vasit\u0259l\u0259r kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edirdi. Az\u0259rbaycanda milli iqtisadiyyat\u0131n, milli sahibkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, milli burjuaziyan\u0131n dayaqlar\u0131 yarad\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 g\u0259rginliklikl\u0259rin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif vasit\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 d\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa can at\u0131rd\u0131. Siyas\u0259t, diplomatiya, h\u0259rb, iqtisadiyyat, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat, elm, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259r biri \u00f6lk\u0259nin daxili h\u0259yat\u0131nda v\u0259 dig\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259mas\u0131nda yeni f\u0259aliyy\u0259t mexanizml\u0259rini h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirirdi&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Bel\u0259 bir a\u011f\u0131r siyasi durumda erm\u0259ni birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rinin az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyi k\u00fctl\u0259vi q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 sabitliyin pozulmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259n c\u0259hdl\u0259r Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin bol\u015fevik t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcqavim\u0259tini azald\u0131rd\u0131. Bu bax\u0131mdan, 1920-ci ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 erm\u0259ni n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin Moskvaya \u0259razi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259ri m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tini devirm\u0259yi t\u0259klif etm\u0259si \u0259sl erm\u0259ni xisl\u0259tini, x\u0259yan\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n tarixi faktlardan biridir.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t qurucular\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u2013 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u018fmin R\u0259sulzad\u0259, F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyski, N\u0259sib b\u0259y Yusifb\u0259yli, \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov, Xosrov b\u0259y Sultanov, M\u0259mm\u0259dh\u0259s\u0259n Hac\u0131nski, X\u0259lil b\u0259y Xasm\u0259mm\u0259dov, M\u0259mm\u0259d Yusif C\u0259f\u0259rov, \u018fkb\u0259r a\u011fa \u015eeyx\u00fclislamov, Xudadat b\u0259y M\u0259lik-Aslanov, Camo b\u0259y Hac\u0131nski, Xudadat b\u0259y R\u0259fib\u0259yli, Behbud xan Cavan\u015fir, \u0130smay\u0131l xan Ziyadxanov, Aslan b\u0259y S\u0259fik\u00fcrdski, S\u0259m\u0259d b\u0259y Mehmandarov, R\u00fcst\u0259m xan Xoyski v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f ziyal\u0131lar, siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r idil\u0259r. Onlar yax\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r ki, yaranm\u0131\u015f yeni tarixi-siyasi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u00f6z b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil demokratik respublikan\u0131 \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259s\u0259, bu imkan bird\u0259f\u0259lik \u0259ld\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xacaq. C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin s\u00fcqutundan sonra h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirmi\u015f, \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti is\u0259 1920-ci ild\u0259 bol\u015fevikl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bu insanlar b\u00f6y\u00fck mill\u0259t q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0259hz c\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rin f\u0259dakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259ti olaraq ya\u015famaqdad\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r c\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r 1918-1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyin t\u0259m\u0259lini qoymasayd\u0131lar, Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 dig\u0259r Qafqaz \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri XX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131nda Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131ndan suveren respublika kimi ayr\u0131la bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u00fcasir Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131 c\u0259mi 70 il ay\u0131r\u0131r. Lakin bu 70 ild\u0259 d\u0259 bizi ay\u0131ran yox, birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ruhunda h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b. 1920-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin s\u00fcqutu xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fcny\u0259vi-universal d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, istiqlal \u0259zmini sars\u0131tmad\u0131, \u0259ksin\u0259, f\u0259dakar c\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r \u00f6z m\u00fcbariz\u0259l\u0259rini yeni siyasi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 daha uy\u011fun platformalarda aparma\u011fa davam etdil\u0259r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n\u0131n siyasi m\u00fchacir\u0259t n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131lmas\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u00fcnya ictimaiyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015find\u0259 yorulmaz s\u0259yl\u0259rini davam etdirdil\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na qoydu\u011fu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 tam nail olmadan s\u00fcquta u\u011frasa da, onun xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u015f\u00fcurunda b\u0259rq\u0259rar etdiyi istiqlaliyy\u0259t m\u0259fkur\u0259si demokratik, h\u00fcquqi d\u00f6vl\u0259t prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslanan m\u00fcst\u0259qil Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131nda \u0259v\u0259zsiz rol oynad\u0131. Bu s\u0259yl\u0259r v\u0259 xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n 70 il \u0259rzind\u0259 q\u0259lbind\u0259 ya\u015fatd\u0131\u011f\u0131 azadl\u0131q ideallar\u0131 1991-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin b\u0259rpa olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 sonucland\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti zaman bax\u0131m\u0131ndan az m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olsa da, mahiyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259rin izl\u0259r buraxd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu g\u00fcn siyasi sabitliyin, dayan\u0131ql\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan ideya v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri \u0259zmkarl\u0131qla h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin ruhuna \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtiram da m\u0259hz demokratik, h\u00fcquqi d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurulu\u015funun \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259n, insan inki\u015faf\u0131na \u0259saslanan rifah d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq u\u011frunda ard\u0131c\u0131l f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti davam etdirm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cavan\u015fir Feyziyev, mill\u0259t v\u0259kili, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bak\u0131, 28 May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Maraql\u0131 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Mediazona.az<\/span>\u00a0Facebook s\u0259hif\u0259mizd\u0259n izl\u0259yin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Milli d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik tariximizin q\u00fcrur m\u0259nb\u0259yi: Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti\u00a0XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n qabaqc\u0131l d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n universal h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar ideyas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 yenic\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vaxtda Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z istiqlaliyy\u0259ti,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,24,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundm","category-manset","category-xbr-xtti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13259"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13266,"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13259\/revisions\/13266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mediazona.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}